RIchard I was King of the English from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine.
He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No (Yes and No), because of his reputation for terseness. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not retake Jerusalem.
Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. He died on 6 April 1199 in the arms of his mother.
He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No (Yes and No), because of his reputation for terseness. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not retake Jerusalem.
Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. He died on 6 April 1199 in the arms of his mother.
Epithet: Cœur de Lion ("the Lionheart")
(1)
Richard I
Obverse: +|RICA|RDVS|ω.in two lines across field, cross above, ω below.
Reverse: +AQVITANIE, Cross pattee within inner circle.
Diameter:
18.51 mm
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0.86 g
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0.86 g
Silver Denier as Duke of Aquitane. Richard I (1157-1199), known also as Richard the Lionheart, was the second son of Henry II. He became Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou in 1172, but was later forced to surrender Aquitaine to his mother, Eleanor by 1185. Richard became King of England on Henry's death in 1189, but spent little of his reign in England, because he was either on crusade or held prisoner. He was killed at the siege of Chalus in France in 1199.All of the coins minted in England during Richard's reign are of a design introduced by his father and carry the name Henry. The only coins to have Richard's name on them were minted in France.
Elias 4; Poey d
(2)
Richard I
Obverse: + RICARDVS REX; around Cross
Reverse: PIC / TAVIE / NSIS in three lines
Diameter:
19 mm
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.94 g
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.94 g
The coins struck by Richard the Lionheart in his French possession are the only coins to bear his name. His English coinage was struck in the name of his father HENRICVS. Richard I was a key leader in the Third Crusade. He captured Cyprus, and aided in the capture of Acre in 1191 AD. He also defeated Saladin's forces at the Battle of Arsuf in Septemberof 1191, and fought the great kurdish general to a stalemate. He and Saladin finally came to a settlement in September 1192 AD which included an agreement allowing Christian access to Jerusalem. It also included a three-year truce.
B. 424; P.A. 2505; Elias 8; D. 920